Differential-pressure gauge for orifice meters



H. P1; wEs'Tc'rr-f DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAUGE FOR ORIFICE METERS Filed Aug.2, 1922 2 sheets-Sheet 1` Feb. '8, 1927.y

H. l?. wEsTco'rT DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE -GAUGE FOR oEIrIE METERS Filed A1122. 1922 2 sheets-snetz I A I l a n therefrom.

U E j sri-Ares*- i 1,616,522. ATENT#GFF-m# HENRY n. Wns'roo'rr, or ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA; ADA n. 'Wnstiico'r'r AnMINisrrRATRIX v or THE sain HENRY P. WEs'rooTT.DEcnAsEn, i

o DIFFERENTIAL-PRESSURE GAUGE renommer: ivi'iiiuiinas.

Application mea August 2,1922. serial No. maar@ rIhis :invention relates to ditierential'pressurev gauges tor orifice meters and is part-1cularly adapted tor the measuring ot the output of natural gas wells. The .invention pro'- recorded, in order that the volume otgas flowing; throngh Sad mffel mayb@ .Computed V,One ot the objects of the invention is the provision of a gaugein which the gas pressures on opposite sides ot the orifice are .impressed upon the opposite ends of a mercury-seal contained'in said gauge, there being a float inthe down-stream end ot said mercury seal connected With Vmechanism for recording and registering Vtliestatic pres- "sure,V and a conduit communicating With the pressure chamber at either rend ot' the mercury seal and leading to a device for recording andV registering the diterential pressure.

another object ot ther invention is the construction of the float in such manner as to be mercury-lubricated, so as to avoid sluggishness orretardation in the operationof said float due to frictional resistance between Vits edges and the ival'l's of the chamber in which it operates.

Stiil another object of the invention is the provision of a system of check valves to Ypre-v vent the loss ot mercur from the gauge through the, blowing ot tie gas through the mercury seal upon sudden excessive' peaks of differential pressure, one of said valves being 'positively operated by a vfloat, directly attaufhsd there-to,V said valvebeing held open by the AWeight ot said float upon recession ot' the iiiercury'in the mercury seal, and closed by the buoyancy of said float when the mercury rises.

construction ot a gauge yofr the class described havingv a mercury seal contained in Ytiro communicating reservoirs of different fiiameter and a 'float in one of said-reservoirs, said 'iioat beiiigconcerned with the actuation ot Vthe static pressure registration and re-r cording means, there bei-ng one ot a number capacities. l

`for the 'removal' Ot( the A further object'ot the invention is'the .st'l'eadyV movement ot the `float and its'assoji-y Vciate'd registering and recording mechanism,

notwithstanding the presence Qta pulsating pressure in the gas line. j j l" AinotlierV object of the invention isthe pro-V vision. of a differential pressure conduit leading' troni that' side ot the gaugeL Whichiconiinunicates with the upstream side ot theori-r ice to the differential pressure recording and changing the area thereof so as', toobtain a proportionately,greater or lless reading of the recording and registering mechanism. expedient is resorted to' for the purpose of enabling the saine size of mercury sea-l chamber to be use-dI infinet St'iil another bfject ot the invention -sA the construction. ot a novelI form ot draiiiiplug mercury troni the mercury seal chamber'. j

Other objects will 'be' disclosed as the 'descriptio'n develops.

Figure isa side' seetiona'i vie-W ofmy improved pressure gauge.

Figure is a plan vievv 'ofthe' saine with the c'overplates removed.

Figure 3 is' a cross vsection taken along the line 3 3 of Figure I.' I Y Figures 4 and '5 are respectively a; secv tional side vievvandv a plan view of the positively' actuated checklvalve.-

Figure' 6 is a side v 'evv In section showing a portion of the mercury-seal chamber ywith a filler lpositioned therein.

Reterring'now detail to` the `sei'feral tig# ures', the numeral 1 'rep ifes'e;rits.I a which is cored out to torina pair of cylinf" drical chambers 2 andI 3. Y'These chambersy frs of. p difieren-t maxiv *igure 7 is a perspfe'ctiveview ofthetilier. Y.

are otl dierent diameter and length, each being provided with an aperture, 4 and 5- respectively, having inclined bores', said apertures being connected by an incllii'iedtube 6 A which is secured tothe Walls of the lrespective chambers in' any st ii'table manner, but preferably'byiwelding. t

The chambers Qand'S and the passage Q drical chambers 2 and 3 are closed by cover j rotates.

the bolts 9.

within the tube 6 together constitute a inercury-sealed chamber in whichy a quantity of mercury is contained, the level ofthe mercury in the two cylindrical limbs of: said* Ymercury-seal chamber being, of course, the

cover plates 7 and 8 are each cored out Vto form passages 11 and 12 which communicate with the chambers 2 and 3, respectively, and

`to which passages the conduits 13 and Mare connected. VThe conduit 13 is connected to the 11p-stream of an oriice'in a meter the conduit lll'is connected to the down-stream side." ,Y y f The static pressure being the same on both sides of the orifice, the pressure on the surface of the mercury in each limb lofthe mercury sealvvill bethe same but a rchange fin static pressure will causev a displacement of mercury from, one side tothe other of said mercury seal-chamber through the tube k6 causing relative difference in elevation Yof the surface ofthe limbs ofthe mercury seal. A float l5 is placed in the chamber' 3 for the ur Ose of takinor advantage of thischane b C b of level in they surfaceof the mercur the movement of said oatbeing ytransmitted by meansof the arm 16, to which the float is pivotally connected at .17, to a shaft 1S ywhich carries as -shown in Figure xfan arm 19 to the end of which is secureda recording scrlber, not shown. A cas1ngv720, mtowhich the shaft 18 extends, houses a clockwork, not

shown, which rotates achart, also not shown,

against `which the scriber bears.v ,The mark made by the scriber on the chart isxa record l Vof the change of movementY of theffioat during the time interval in which said chart The cover plate 7 is tapped at 21 `for the reception of afstuilinggland 2 2 through `which passes ka tube'23 of small vinternal diameterjwhich is bent into the :form` of an inf verted U and Vhas at its opposite end extendV Y ing therethrough another stuffing gland 2d l into communication withv a Bourdon tube 25 as clearly shown in Figure 3. The Bourdon tube iscoiled coaXially around the shaft 18 and has av scriber arm 26 attached toithe closedV free end thereof, which scriber arm also bears against the rotating chart leaving a mark which is a record of the'static pressure on the up-stream side of the orifice. l

It will be noted from Figure y1 that the floatil .is formed with a slightA bevel 16"L along its peripheral Vedge and is sofpropor- Y vtioned in mass that the level of mercury stands at a point midway of said bevel. The

lfloat isthus constructed to provide a mercury lubricated Contact between the edge of said float and the wall of the chamber B within Vwhich it reciprocates. Since mercury forms an amalgam with all of the base metals except iron and.steel it is imprack ticabl'e tolfmake the Casting 1 of any material except iron or steel. These materials are, however, susceptible to rust and the nature of the gas entering into the mercury'- se'al chamber is such as to include the presence of moisture. Because 'of the. relative lou'7 temperature of mercury at times, as compared with that of the gas contacting therewith or occasionally passing there through, the mercury becomes impregnated with condensed rmoisture so that the walls ofthe n'iercury-seal chamber are generally foundto be rusted after a more or less brief exposure vto the gas. ciprocate unlubricated against theseV rusted walls a retardativeV eiifect would be imposed upon the movements of said ioat which rwould impair the accuracy of the recording and registering means actuated thereby. Even fth'ough thelioat were made slightly smaller than the diameter of vthe chamber within which it is retained, the slight swinging movement `of the float would vthrow the lupper'edge thereof into Contact with Athe frusted surface of the wall of the iioat chamber, giving rise to this retardative effect.

But'by bevelingvthe peripheral surface of the float the upper edge is prevented from ever' contacting with the wall of the float chamber, and,` by proportioning the mass of the float so that the mercury-level comes intermediate the upper' and lower edges thereof, said lower edge is alwaysl immersed Vin mercury and therefore said'edge contacts with the wallv of the float chamber beneath the level of the mercury during the movements of the float and the contacting surfaces are lubricated by the mercury, so that y*the friction between the rusted surfaces of ithe wall of the float chamber and said float is minimized.v Moreover byv reason of the VVerethe float to're- Y lll) wedge shaped annular space between the corrugated, as shown in `Figure 2, so as to reduce the `length of the contacting edge of said ioat, bywhich meansV the friction between said loat and the wall of the float chamber is further diminished.

It sometimes happens that too small an oriiice is used in themeter for the Apressure of gas being measured Vso, that theA diiilerentialpressure on one side of said orifice becomes so great. as to displace the entire mer- Vcury seal into one limb of themercury seal misgaan fand? thel mercury is forced intojthe opposite .p- In) limb' ottlremercury seal chamber; n either case the high'level oit? the iiierc'ury andthe bubbling' olx theV gas therethrough are likely tocausethe overliow oi" some otsa-id 'mer-v cury i-iitothe conduits 13 and M, such mereufry becoming lost or necessitating a drainageoi portions ofy the gas measuring system "extraneous to the gauge for its recovery.

The Withdrawal citan' appreciable amount "ot/mercury in such manner creates a false levely in' 'the gangay impairing tlieaecuracy of therecord.` To prevent th'e'loss oi iner-V "cury by overflow, check valves 27 and 28 are arranged in the cover plates 7 and 8 t-'oV cont'ro'lthe passage leading from the chambers 2 and 3 tothe gas conduits "r3 and 14; y These valves; are,v up to' a certain point similar in con-struction, one oi' them being shoivn on an` enlarged scale in. Figure et and consisting` of 'athreaded.bushingQS screwed into the cover pla-te and havin-ga flanged lower end 29 'on which iis formed' a valveseat 30. l A valve stein Bipasses through the bore of the bushing 28" and has its loiver end integrally forme-'d with the vail-ve` disk 3:2, thejvalve being.V adapted upon reciprocatiorr of the stem 31 to causel the valve disk 32 to engage the valve seat 30.l The upp'erend et V'the valve stem 3l isv reduced in diameter Aand place by means of a' nut 34, the outer-'surface oi' which. is cnt out inthe form ot' a spider as shown at 35 iii Figure 5^, providing'at allV times open passages betweenl said nut and the bore Within saidf'bushing. The' valve disk of the chec'l valve' 28 is arranged in the path of the stem' S'Tof thefio'at l5, to be engaged 'by the latter upon abnormaljluplWard movement of the float so as to be `l moved againstits seat advance of the rise ,of'the mercury Within the chamber 3 to a point'wliere its overflow VWould become pos`Y V'sible' There is normally a space" between 'the' ste'm 8Tv and. theyalve disk to allow for the normal' movement ot said. float With- .out affecting the valve 2 8. The' valve 27,'

face of said' valve disk` vand embracing a tlatteiiedy apertured portion atl oi' the stem 39, a pin passing through extension and .i the joint betWeeiitl-ie two. The Vfloat 38 is normally"suspended a slight distance above lugs and serving as a pivotal connection for inw the chamber 2'.

tlieflevel" of the mercury Wheirthe pressure on the two sides et the mercury seal: iisequal. However, when the-pressure in4 the chamber 3 exceeds the pressure inthe chamber 2 the mercuryintliie chamber Q'ivill rise and come into contact with the float 88 ycausing it to rise and close vthe check valve 27. Such a condi-tion will exist when there is a leak' in the line -lor .a bre-al; iir the mainline ahead of the meter and a reversal fot iloiv exists through the orilice'. Vhile it isiinpractieable to have a positive connectionbetween the lio-at l5 and `thel cheek valve 28 ont account being relatively small compared With that et' the chamber 3, a small change in level in the latter chamber is attended by a'eoI-npara-` tively great changein the level of mercury The presentv construction provides that, no matter how great or sudden may be the Vchange of levelin th'ech'am'ber 2,- the posi-l tivev connection between the valve' and float assures the closing or' the check valve 27 betore'the mercury level rises to ythe pointV ot overflow. The iloat'Q-ES iseonstrueted to be mercury lubricated in 'the saine manner as tlreii'oatl. f

ii some instal'lationsin which my ifi-nproved pressure gaug-e'is-used the flow of gas through the" pipe lineand through the 'meteris ot a pulsatory character which may 'be due to? several conditions among which threaded as' vshown at and "is retain-ed .in

are the irregularnatui'al flow from the gas from the Well, the pump.y Y

Enorder'toaverage the peaks andy hol'lowvs in the pressure and to reduc-e the vibratory ii'ioveiiient of Athe registering and recording mechanisn'i due yto the pulsatory pressure Within the gas line, la pnlsation'bushing i3 is introduced into the aperture 55, the latter being' threaded vio-rv the receptionofv said bushing; l"iihis bushingli'as a hert fill inits Vto the pulsatory nature of ice iio

upper end' for engagement by a tool' zby' to. so restrictV the passage through the tube 'S that' said tube will act as a dash-pot in retai'ding the flow oit mercury trom one side thus elimnat-ing the vibratory moven'i-ents ot the iloat due to pulsationin the pipe lin-e,i

vivliieh itis rscrewed into place. and the bore Within said' bushing is oi suchdiameter' as oi' the mercury-seal chan'iber to the other,`

is onev ofv number ot interchangeable bushingsl'iaving various interior diameters any one of which may be selectively used so as to accomplish the ldesired result.

Y reduce the capacity of the chamber-2 so as `to proportionately reduc-ek the elevation of .the mercury Alevel in the float chamber 3 Vchamber 2 is altered.

:4:7 within said filler.

The static vpressure of gas wells differs greatly in diflei'ent wells and varies from time to time in the lsame well so that it is necessary to select a gauge havingl a capacity suited to the pressure ofthe well in connection with which it is to be used. If a f gauge designed for use with gas having a` normally high statfc. pressure isused in lconnection with awell having a relatively light pressure themovement of the recording and registering mechanism will be so slightras to render uncertain an accurate determination of the static 'pressure at any time. `lith the present invention it is possible .to use the ysame sized meter effectively with a gas flow of an;7 static pressure, by the :simple insertion oi' a device by means of which the capacity of the high pressure y To this end I have provided the filler 45, Figure 7, which has the form of a hollow cylinder and isv in Yserted within theV ,A chamber 2' as shown in Figure 6. The lower end of the filler Ll5' is kconstructed with projecting lugs 46, spaced apart, and permitting freeA communication between the tube 6 and the cylindrical space The filler is made of iron orn steel and therefore will float in mercury and is held against the bottom of Vthe chamber 2 by means of a set screw which extends'throughthe wall of the float chamber. The -obiect of the filler l5 is to upon a given recession ofrmercury in the chamber 2 by which means the range of movement of the Yregistering and recording means actuated by the Afloat l5 is proportionately diminished. By leaving out thev filler the diam-eter of the mercury column in chamber 21s incr-eased so that a proportionately larger volume of mercury lis transferred to the float chamber for a given drop in ,level in the chamber 2 thus magnifying the range of movement of the Vregistering and. recording mechanism Vso as to avoidob:

' servational errors which would otherwise sui-es.

`clieapens the cost of manufacture ofthe ar'se from the reading of small gas pres- The use of the filler 45 materially Vgauge land improves the maintenance of service by permitting the manufacture of but one size of casting, namely that for a gauge adapted to measure low gas pressures,

chamber. y This'arrangement of using lillers seal chamber to the other.

in the high pressure portion of the gauge yeliminates the necessity of changing vthe working mechanism of the yfloat levers etc.v and enables one to change the mechanism` range of the gauge by simply inserting or removing'the fillers from the high pressure portion .of the gauge,v that is in the cham-v ber 2. It is obvious that the range of, they gauge can be changed by simply changing the sizes and openings of said fillers.

It frequently happens that, due to some extraordinary peak in the differential pres# sure the mercury seal is displaced into one limb of the mercury seal chamber, as hereinbefore explained, permitting the gas to bubblev directly through the body of mercury and pass fiom one side of the mercury- As the temperature of the mercury is generally lower than that ofthe gas passing therethrough, condensation takes place, not only of the mois-V -ture of the gasvbut also of the volatile constituents thereof such as gasoline and Yotherr oily condensates, which emulsify with the mercury lowering its specic gravity, increasing its mass and thus seriously impair-V ing the accuracy of the gauge.V When such a state of mercury exists it becomes necessary to remove 1t from the gauge in order to separate from it these foreign condensates.

vFor this purpose a drain plug 50, shown in section in Figure l, is provided7 which is formed with a threaded bore 5l tapered a1;-

` its inner end as shown at 52 and having a iooY reduced portion 55 forming with the wall of the bore 5l a passage which communicates by means of the central duct 56 in the needle valvev 54 Vwith the atmosphere. the needle .valve is tapered and seats against the tapered portion 52 of the bushing., `|Io drain the mercury from. the mercury-sealy .chamber the needle valve is unscrewed kto withdraw the tapered end thereof from the, seat 52 thus putting mercury seal chamber into communication with the central duct 5b by way of said passage. To close 'the drain V'plug it is merely necessary to screwthe The end `Of i iin this relates maymake various changesin the claim as new and desire tol secure by Letters Patent, is Y l. A pressure gauge comprising a casing Y formed with a pair of chambers,"aconduit aiOrding communication between saidchain- CAD .bers and being connected thereto adjacent biishing threadedly engaging said conduity andl insertable from -within one of said chambers, said bushing being oit restricted bore for throttling said conduit to retard the displacement of mercury from one of said chambers to the other.

2. A pressure gauge comprising a casing provided with a float chamber, a mercury seal within said float chamber, means for subjecting both .limbs of said mercury. lseal to diierential pressure, an iron iioat in said float chamber, indicating means actuated by said float, saidfloat being peripherally beveled away from the wall of said float chamber above its lower edge, and the. mass of said float being so proportioned as to permit it to float with the level of mercury lying in a plane intermediate itsupper and lower edges7 the lower edge of said float being corrugated.

3. A pressure gauge comprising a casing.

provided with a mercury seal chamber including a pair of reservoirs connected knear their lower .ends by a conduit, a mercury seal occupying said reservoirs and conduit,

cover' plates for said reservoirs each formed with a gas passage leadingl to a source of gas pressure and communicating with the space in said reservoirs above said mercury. seal, inwardly opening check valves arranged 1n said-cover plates for controllingy said gas passages, a float in each reservoir operatively related to said. .mercury seal, and indicating means connected to one of said floats, said float being provided with a stem engageable with one of said check valves to close the same after a pred-etermined rise in the level of said li-oat, and the other of said floats having a stem directly secui'ed to the other of said check valves.

l. A pressure gauge comprising a casing provided wit-ha mercury seal chamber com- Y prising a pair of reservoirs connected near their lower ends by a conduit, a mercury seal occupying said reservoirs and conduit, cover plates for said reservoirs each formed with a gas passage leading to a source of gas pressure and communicating with the spaceV in said reservoir above said mercury seal, inwardly opening check valves arranged in said cover plates for controlling said gasV passages, a float in each reservoir operatively related to said mercury s ealindicat ing` means connected to'one of said floats, said float having a stem engageable with one of saidv check valves to close the same after al predeterminedirise inthe levelf of said float, and the other of said floats lhaving a stempiv-otally secured to kthe other of said check valves. k

'5. A-pressure gauge comprising a casing provided with a float' chamber, a mercury seal in said float chamber, means for sub- `jectingV both limbs of said Vmercury sealv to y'difierentiate gas pressure, an annular filler removably inserted within said fioatchamber for reducing the capacitythereoi', a iioat supported by said mercury seal and recipiocable wit-hin the bore 'of said annular lillei, and indicatingmeans actuated by said being formed with gas passages communi eating with a source ofgas pressure and with the space within said reservoirs above the limbs of said mercury seal, a conduit' extending upwardly at one end from one of said cover plates and communicating at its other end with a pressure registeringV and recording device, inwardly opening check valves carried by said cover plates and con- Y trolling said gas passages, a float in each reservoir, one of said floats being pivotally secured to one of -said check valves and indicating means actuated by the 'otherof said floats, saidV last named float engaging` the other of said check valves after a predetermined rise of said iioat.

ln testimony whereof Iliave hereuntoset` Y my hand.

runner P. wn's'rcoTT. 

